http://www.articleheaven.com en-us editorial@articleheaven.com Atomic clocks use an atomic resonance frequency standard as their timekeeping element and are by far the most accurate chronometers possible with the latest Strontium based atomic clocks boasting a precision of a less than a second lost in several hundred... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_666950_10.html 16th October 2008 NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) has established a range of standards for electrical equipment enclosures. NEMA codes tend to be used by countries outside of Europe, including the USA. NEMA codes use a number to describe the level of ... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_666949_10.html 16th October 2008 ATEX is the name commonly given to the European directives for controlling explosive atmospheres and the standards of equipment and protective systems used in them. ATEX is now law in all European Union countries with companies that have potentially exp... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_660201_10.html 08th October 2008 What is a time server? A time server is a device that utilises a single time source and distributes it amongst a network. This enables all machines on a LAN (or WAN) to be synchronised together. What is NTP? Network Time Protocol is a protocol ... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_660174_10.html 08th October 2008 All PC’s and networking devices use clocks to maintain an internal system time. These clocks, called Real Time Clock chips (RTC) provide time and date information. The chips are battery backed so that even during power outages, they can maintain time. ... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_660135_10.html 08th October 2008 Most people have heard of atomic clocks, their accuracy and precision are well known. An atomic clock has the potential to keep time for several hundred million years and not lose a second in drift. Drift is the process where clocks lose or gain time beca... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_654595_10.html 02nd October 2008 What is a network time server? A network time server is a hardware device that utilises a single time source and distributes it amongst a network to ensure all computers and devices are telling the same time. What is NTP? Network Time Protocol ... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_654567_10.html 02nd October 2008 There are hundreds of internet based timing sources that allow computers running NTP to synchronise to a UTC time - however, there are several drawbacks in relying on the Internet for a timing reference: Security is paramount for most computer network... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_647886_10.html 24th September 2008 The development of atomic clocks throughout the twentieth century has been fundamental to many of the technologies we employ everyday. Without atomic clocks many of the innovations of the twentieth century would simply not exist. Satellite communicatio... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_647875_10.html 24th September 2008 Q. What is NTP? A. NTP – Network Time Protocol is an Internet protocol for time synchronisation, whilst other time synchronisation protocols are available NTP is by far the most widely used having been around since the mid 1980’s when the Internet wa... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_647832_10.html 24th September 2008 Network Time Protocol seems to have been around for ever. In fact it is indeed one of the Internet’s oldest protocols having been developed in the 1980’s by Professor David Mills and his team from Delaware University. In a laid-back world it perhap... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_645340_10.html 23rd September 2008 A NTP Server connects to a computer network with the purpose of synchronising all computers, routers and other devices to the exact same time. NTP servers use Network Time Protocol to adjust the drift of different machines to match the reference time. ... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_645319_10.html 23rd September 2008 The way a computer deals with time is totally different to the ways humans perceive it. We arrange time into seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months and years, while computers on the other hand arrange time as a single number representing the seconds... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_632813_10.html 09th September 2008 Even when the Internet when was its infancy, with no more than a few computers connected together it became apparent that there was a need for time synchronisation. Computers are easily confused particularly with time which can only travel in one directio... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_626596_10.html 08th September 2008 Just as your computer is only as good as the software it is running, a time server is only as useful as the timing source it uses. Time servers are similar to other servers in that they are located on a network but the primary function of a time server is... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_626579_10.html 08th September 2008 Atomic clocks are the most accurate timekeeping devices developed by man. Modern atomic clocks are so accurate that even in 100 million years less than a second of time would be lost. This accuracy makes them ideal references for a NTP server (Network ... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_622866_10.html 05th September 2008 Time synchronization is vital in modern computer networks. Having one machine running a slower clock than another can cause a myriad of all sorts of problems. From the benign, such as emails arriving before they were sent, to the more serious such as bei... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_622859_10.html 05th September 2008 The touch screen monitor has been around almost as long as computers themselves. Invented in 1971 by Dr Samuel Hurst they have found a use in a wide variety of applications. The main advantage of a touch screen monitor is that it both acts as an input ... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_617190_10.html 03rd September 2008 Electricity and water do not go well together as I’m sure most people are aware. However, dust is equally as bad for electrical components as water. Dust varies in size from tiny airborne particles to larger particles that fall and stick to anything. D... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_617119_10.html 03rd September 2008 Computers, monitors and other electrical equipment are now just as commonplace in industry and manufacturing as they are in the office or home. Unfortunately however the demands on electrical equipment such as computers are completely different in industr... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_617096_10.html 03rd September 2008 Time is concept that has preoccupied the thoughts of humans since the earliest civilisations. It may only have been in the last century that we have begun to understand time, thanks to the work of Albert Einstein, but measuring its passing has been an imp... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_610925_10.html 28th August 2008 When you set your watch by the speaking clock or the radio beeps have you ever wondered who is responsible for setting that time and how they can be sure it is accurate. This may seem like a straightforward question but their is no master clock that th... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_610897_10.html 28th August 2008 When most people think of the digital age and its computers, satellites and mobile phones, the silicone chip is at the foremost of people's minds. Yet, despite its importance in shaping the world around us, many of the technologies that we take for grante... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_606324_45.html 22nd August 2008 Ensuring a computer is not only displaying the correct time but that it is being maintained accurately is not as straight-forward as it first sounds. Most Linux systems have two clocks. The hardware clock, also known as the CMOS of Bios clock, is usual... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_592240_10.html 29th July 2008 It is now nearly 40 years old but one of the most familiar office tools is about to become obsolete, according to analysts. Invented nearly 40 years ago by Dr Douglas Engelbart while working for the Stanford Research Institute; billions of computer m... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_592059_10.html 29th July 2008 Time has always been important to civilisations throughout history, despite the fact that it is only now, in the modern age that we have come to some understanding of what time is. The telling of time has always been important, particularly to our agri... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_591921_10.html 29th July 2008 Many people are probably familiar with the Internet Time tab when setting their clock in Windows. This is a basic form of NTP (Network Time Protocol) called SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol) that polls a NTP server every so often to synchronize time to.... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_591793_10.html 29th July 2008 The importance of an authenticated timing reference to synchronise a computer network to, cannot be stressed highly enough. While there are hundreds and quite possibly thousands of internet based timing sources these can’t be authenticated leaving a ... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_586997_10.html 23rd July 2008 Linux operating systems are becoming increasingly popular partly due to the many advantages they have over commercial systems like Windows or OS X. Linux offers increased security (as there are only a handful of viruses that can infect a Linux based syste... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_586714_10.html 23rd July 2008 Atomic clocks are incredibly expensive and generally they are normally only to be found in large scale physics laboratories such as MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology (Colorado) or the Nationa... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_585465_10.html 22nd July 2008 Touch screens have been with us since the early 1970’s but it has only been in the last few years that the technology has expanded into personal applications as well as business. Traditionally touch screen displays were expensive and only to be found... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_584786_10.html 22nd July 2008 Dr. Samuel C. Hurst invented touch screen monitors in 1971 and since then they have become increasingly popular, particularly in commercial computing such as ATMs and ticket machines and also in mobile phone and PDA technologies. Touch screen monitors ... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_584706_10.html 22nd July 2008 Touch screen technology has been with us since the early 1970s and have become increasingly popular in recent years with the advent of mobile phones and pocket computer systems. Touch screens are now everywhere with ATMs, ticket machines and informatio... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_584689_10.html 22nd July 2008 Atomic clocks are incredibly expensive and generally they are normally only to be found in large scale physics laboratories such as MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology (Colorado) or the Nationa... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_580305_10.html 18th July 2008 Time is one of the least understood aspects of our universe. We know it exists yet we have trouble grasping exactly what it is. Time can be viewed in two ways, it is a manmade concept used as a tool to describe to explain the sequence of events, comparing... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_579246_10.html 17th July 2008 The worst part of a power cut is running around the house setting all the clocks and timers back to the correct time, it can take ages and you will always forget one, however, as long as you have a wrist watch it should be quite easy to get your clocks al... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_579111_10.html 17th July 2008 Atomic clocks have been with us for over fifty years now and most people have heard of them and know they are very accurate, but how accurate are they and why do we need such accurate clocks? Atomic clocks are used by many of us even if we are not awa... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_578913_45.html 17th July 2008 It is a question that has perplexed philosophers and scientists since the dawn of man, ‘what exactly is time?’ and it has only been in our recent history that we have started to discover answers, thanks to Einstein and his work on special and general ... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_578199_10.html 17th July 2008 Network Time Protocol (NTP) is an Internet standard protocol designed over 25 years ago and still under constant development. NTP synchronises devises on a network to a single timing source. If time on a network is not synchronised when applications are c... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_578140_10.html 17th July 2008 This article explains how you can synchronise your computer with an absolute time source and can be kept accurate using NTP. Clocks are essential for computers. Everything from sending and email to turning a PC on will involve a timestamp. Computers ar... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_577955_10.html 16th July 2008 Computer time synchronisation is highly important in modern computer networks, precision and time synchronization is critical in many applications, particularly time sensitive transactions. Just imagine buying an airline seat only to be told at the airpor... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_574721_10.html 13th July 2008 Since the early 1990’s the Global Positioning system (GPS) has been the worlds’ only fully functioning Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS). Run by the American military, GPS (sometimes referred to as NAVSTAR) has allowed accurate timing and lo... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_574691_10.html 13th July 2008 One of the most common questions often asked in philosophy and physics classes is ‘what is time?’ It is indeed a question that mankind has been asking throughout our history and it wasn’t until the early part of the last century and work of Einstein... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_574546_45.html 11th July 2008 This article explains the origins and workings of atomic clocks and how they are used to synchronise computer networks all over the world using NTP servers. In conventional electronic clocks time is kept by running an electrical current through an os... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_574483_10.html 11th July 2008 Many of the environments that an industrial computer has to work in are certainly not suitable for a conventional desktop PC. Many areas in production and manufacturing contain many of the things that will finish off a sensitive piece of electronics like ... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_573855_10.html 10th July 2008 Precision and time synchronisation is highly important for modern computer networks, without synchronisation many time sensitive transactions would be impossible to carry out. The internal clock in computers does keep time and date information but these ... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_573619_10.html 10th July 2008 NTP servers (Network Time Protocol) are devices that can synchronise a computer network to an authoritative UTC time source. UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) is a global time scale used throughout the world and provided by atomic clocks. NTP servers ca... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_569825_10.html 04th July 2008 NTP servers or Network Time Protocol are devices that connect to a computer network and synchronise all machines to a single time source. Of course most Windows operating systems have an inbuilt NTP program called Windows Time that can synchronise to an I... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_568982_10.html 03rd July 2008 Telling the time is incredibly important for our day to day lives. We need to know what time to get up for work, when to catch the bus and even when to go to bed to ensure we get enough shut eye. Generally for this type of timekeeping mechanical or dig... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_568914_10.html 03rd July 2008 We are all used to the Sat Nav by now. More and more people are installing those little black boxes into their cars and throwing away their old paper road maps. The advantages of satellite navigation are many fold – from constant updates keeping the map... http://www.articleheaven.com/article_567965_10.html 01st July 2008